The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship between economic growth and income inequality with energy consumption in Iran during the seasonal period of 2001 to 2021. In order to investigate this relationship, due to the stationarity of variables at different levels, the Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) model have been used for data analysis. Te results of estimating short-term and long-term models show that the variables of public expenditure of the government, Gini coefficient (as an index of income inequality), government governance index and economic growth rate, each have a significant effect on energy consumption. These effects were observed asymmetrically and non-linearly; In such a way that in the short term, the increase in public expenditure of the government and the Gini coefficient leads to an increase in energy consumption, while the improvement of government governance and economic growth reduces energy consumption. Also, the reduction of public expenditure and the Gini coefficient also leads to the reduction and increase of energy consumption, respectively. In the long-term horizon, the positive shock of government public expenditure and economic growth have a positive and significant effect on energy consumption, while their negative shock has a negative effect on this variable. An increase in income inequality in the long run increases energy consumption, and its decrease decreases energy consumption. Also, improving government governance in the long run leads to a reduction in energy consumption. The findings of this research emphasize the importance of government financial policies, improving governance and reducing income inequality in managing energy consumption and moving towards sustainable development.