Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) serve as the backbone of modern economies, playing a key role in job creation, innovation, and economic growth. In Iran, these entities face challenges such as dependence on oil, international sanctions, complex bureaucracy, and shortages of financial resources, leading to the country's low ranking in the Ease of Doing Business index (127 out of 190 in 2020). This article aims to identify policy gaps in improving their business environment and provide implementation solutions, employing a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach with the fuzzy Delphi method. The theoretical framework is grounded in models such as Kingdon's multiple streams, advocacy coalitions, and institutional analysis, while the research background focuses on examining the characteristics of these businesses, global and domestic challenges, and successful experiences from other countries. In this study, two rounds of Delphi surveys were conducted with 15 experts using triangular fuzzy numbers and Kendall's concordance test (W=0.793). The results classify the gaps into four dimensions: economic (financial limitations and inflation), institutional (bureaucracy and lack of a single authority), technological (shortages in education and localization), and market (sanctions and export incentives). The proposed model emphasizes network governance to reduce institutional dispersion, with average component scores above 4.0 indicating priorities such as currency supports (4.60) and institutional consolidation (4.73). Strengthening guarantee funds, simplifying laws, developing technology education, and regional economic diplomacy are recommended to address implementation barriers.