This research aims to evaluate Iran’s export performance by examining a set of key international trade indicators, including the Trade Openness Index, Trade Complementarity Index, Trade Potential Index, Trade Intensity Index, Export Diversification, Export Concentration, Export Market Penetration Index, and Export Survival Index.The research method combines descriptive-analytical and normative approaches. In the descriptive–analytical section, Iran’s export and import data for the period 2004 to 2023 were collected and processed using the Python programming language and Microsoft Excel software. The indices were calculated for six major trading partners, and the medium-term trends of Iran’s exports were analyzed. In the normative section, based on the findings, recommendations for improving export performance are provided. The results of the study show that despite progress in product diversification and trade intensity, Iran faces significant challenges in market penetration, export survival, and diversification of trading partners. The excessive concentration of exports on a few countries and the instability of goods in target markets are major weaknesses. Additionally, political and structural factors such as sanctions, currency restrictions, and weak economic diplomacy have impacted export performance. Finally, solutions for diversifying target markets, strengthening trade agreements, and ensuring stability in exchange rate policies are proposed.